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Back to Research Papers

Vaccine Efficacy

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Boosting in Previously Infected or Vaccinated Individuals

individuals who had previous been infected with COVID-19, were at higher risk of reinfection after two vaccines than one. 

Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection During an Omicron Wave in Iceland

individuals who had received two or more vaccine doses were more likely to experience reinfection of COVID-19 compared to those who had received one dose or remained unvaccinated.

COVID-19 primary series and booster vaccination and immune imprinting

findings – recipients of three vaccine doses were more likely to get reinfected (if they had previously had omicron), than those who had received two doses. 

Effectiveness of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Bivalent Vaccine

Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in individuals with natural, vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity: a retrospective population-based cohort study from Estonia

Effectiveness of a fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in previously infected individuals from Austria

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