Innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of COVID-19 vaccines. Serious adverse effects associated with vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review
systematic review of the scientific literature published between July 2021 and July 2023, which analyzes all reports on inflammatory signatures of serious adverse effects caused by COVID-19 vaccines.
Factors affecting motivation for receiving a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese university students and staff: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Over 60% of Japanese people reported having an adverse event after a second dose that they described as major.
Detection of recombinant Spike protein in the blood of individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2: Possible molecular mechanisms
“mRNA-based vaccines consist of injectable solutions of mRNA encoding for a recombinant Spike, which is distinguishable from the wild-type protein due to specific amino acid variations introduced to maintain the protein in a prefused state. This work presents a proteomic approach to reveal the presence of recombinant Spike protein in vaccinated subjects regardless of antibody titer.”
Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Antigen Detected in the Plasma of mRNA-1273 Vaccine Recipients
Spike protein found circulating in blood 6 months following vaccination. The study ran out of funding at 6 months.
Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis
Outstanding questions
What are the localization pattern, transfection efficacy, and clearance rates of the mRNA vaccine LNPs in the human body?
Can we refine LNP chemistry towards retaining transfection efficacy and at the same time assuring on-demand tissue distribution?
Do the adverse inflammatory reactions noted postvaccination also relate – and if yes, to what extent – to LNPs and/or the mRNA used in mRNA vaccines?
What are the mechanistic details of antigen expression, processing, and cellular localization following cell transfection with the LNPs?
What would the impact be of excessive ‘decoration’ of nonprofessional antigen-presenting transfected human (e.g., liver) cells with transmembrane S protein?
Does the antigen or related subunits‐peptide fragments leak into the circulation, and if so, in which form, at what concentration, and for how long? Is there any association with the vaccine-mediated immune responses?
Is the probable binding of the antigen to ACE2 in the vasculature accountable for the cardiovascular, metabolic, or other (e.g., inflammation-related) reported AEs?
Does the antigen cross the blood–brain barrier?
Is there any noteworthy molecular mimicry (especially of the major antigenic sites) between the S protein and the human proteome?
What is the profile of mucosal immunity induced by the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines?
It is the case that vaccination-mediated immunity (two doses) against the used ancestral antigen (Wuhan-Hu-1 S protein) wanes over time, or do we simply partially lose protection due to evolutionary leaps of the S protein (e.g., at the Omicron variant)? In that case, do we really need boosting doses with the same antigen?
Does boosting, apart from raising antibody titers, also promote antibody diversification?
What would be the profile of immune responses and AEs following mRNA-guided expression of the S protein in its closed form (a form not prone to ACE2 binding)?
Alt-text: Outstanding questions
this article lists a series of concerns about the Covid19 vaccines and the way they were rolled out in Australia, including contamination, mandates, conformity, official narrative, behavioural insights, risk/benefit oversights in youth and many more issues.
As a safety measure, further booster vaccinations should be discontinued. In addition, the date of vaccination should be recorded in the medical record of patients. Several practical measures to prevent a decrease in immunity have been reported. These include limiting the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetaminophen to maintain deep body temperature, appropriate use of antibiotics, smoking cessation, stress control, and limiting the use of lipid emulsions, including propofol, which may cause perioperative immunosuppression. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccination is a major risk factor for infections in critically ill patients.
Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis
Conclusions: Immunoprofiling of vaccinated adolescents and young adults revealed that the mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses did not differ between individuals who developed myocarditis and individuals who did not. However, free spike antigen was detected in the blood of adolescents and young adults who developed post-mRNA vaccine myocarditis, advancing insight into its potential underlying cause.